A whole solar photovoltaic power generation system is composed of a solar battery pack, a solar energy controller and a storage battery (pack). And an inverter should be equipped if a 220V or 110V AC output power supply is needed. The function of each component is illustrated below:
The solar panels are the core of a solar power generation system, which are also the part of highest value in a solar power generation system. The function is to transform solar radiation energy into electric energy to drive the load to work with the energy or store it in storage batteries. The quality and cost of solar panels decide the quality and cost of the entire system directly;
The function of a solar energy controller is to control the working condition of the whole system, which can also play a protective role in preventing overcharge and overdischarge for the storage battery. And in some places of large temperature difference, a qualified controller should also have the function of temperature compensation. Other extra functions such as photoswitching and time-controlled switching should both be the options for the controller;
A 220V or 110V AC power supply is needed in many situations. Since the solar energy directly outputs 12V DC, 24V DC and 48V DC generally, it is needed to transform the DC electric energy produced by a solar power generation system into the AC electric energy in order to provide the electrical power for 220V AC electrical appliances, a DC-AC inverter is needed then. A DC-AC inverter is also needed in some situations when it is necessary to use the load of multiple voltages, e.g. transforming 24V DC electric energy into 5V DC electric energy (Note: It is not a simple voltage reduction).
Storage Batteries
They are generally lead-acid batteries, and nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries or lithium batteries are also available in a small micro-system. The function is to store up the electric energy produced by the solar panels in the sunshine and release it when needed;